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The retroflex clicks are a family of click consonants known only from the Central !Kung dialects of Namibia and the Damin ritual jargon of Australia. They may be sub-apical retroflex and should not be confused with the more widespread postalveolar clicks, which are sometimes called retroflex. There is no symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents the forward articulation of these sounds, but one may be derived with a rhotic diacritic from the alveolar click: . In the literature they are typically written with the ''ad hoc'' digraph , the convention since Doke first described them in 1926. (Doke's proposed symbol, resembling (or more precisely an inverted , descender only), did not catch on. A triple pipe, , may have been used by other authors for the same thing.) They then went largely unnoticed until ca. 2005. (For Damin, the retroflex nasal click, which may or may not be similar to the clicks of Central !Kung, was transcribed with the Kirschenbaum convention, ''n.!''.) Miller (2009) notes that the Grootfontein retroflex clicks have a lateral release, and alternatively transcribes them .〔The standard IPA diacritic for lateral release, , would presumably also work.〕 Whereas the alveolar and alveolar lateral clicks are apical, these are laminal and postalveolar; where the others are powered by tongue-root retraction, these are powered by lowering the center of the tongue (Miller 2009). They obey the back-vowel constraint common among retroflex consonants. (Neither characteristic is likely to have applied to Damin.) Basic retroflex clicks are: ==Features== Features of postalveolar clicks: *The place of articulation is post-alveolar, and the tongue shape may be subapical, which means it is articulated with the tip of the tongue curled up. The center of the tongue moves downward to create suction. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「retroflex clicks」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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